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Kevin Klement, Director of Marketing
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World Wide Web
(WWW)
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System of resources that enable
computer users to view and interact with a variety of information,
including magazine archives, public- and university-library resources,
current world and business news, and software programs. The WWW can be
accessed by a computer connected to an internet, an interconnection of
computer networks or through the public Internet, the global consortium
of interconnected computer networks.
WWW resources are organized to
allow users to move easily from one resource to another. Users generally
navigate through the WWW using an application known as a WWW browser
client. The browser presents formatted text, images, sound, or other
objects, such as hyperlinks, in the form of a WWW page on a computer
screen. The user can click on a hyperlink with the cursor to navigate to
other WWW pages on the same source computer, or server, or on any other
WWW server on the network. The WWW links exist across the global
Internet to form a large-scale, distributed, multimedia knowledge base
that relates words, phrases, images, or other information. Smaller-scale
implementations may occur on enterprise internets.
WWW pages are
formatted using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and information is
transferred among computers on the WWW using a set of rules known as
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Other features may be added to web
pages with special programs, such as Java, a programming language that
is independent of a computer's operating system, developed by Sun
Microsystems. Java-enabled web browsers use applets that run within the
context of HTML-formatted documents. With applets it is possible to add
animation and greater interactively to web pages.
The World Wide Web
was developed in 1989 by English computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee
to enable information to be shared among internationally dispersed teams
of researchers at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (formerly
known by the acronym CERN) near Geneva, Switzerland. It subsequently
became a platfo
rm for related software development, and the numbers of
linked computers and users grew rapidly to support a variety of
endeavors, including a large business marketplace. Its further
development is guided by the WWW Consortium based at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
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Internet
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Interconnection of computer networks
that enables connected machines to communicate directly. The term
popularly refers to a particular global interconnection of government,
education, and business computer networks that is available to the
public. There are also smaller internets, usually for the private use of
a single organization, called intranets.
Internet technology is a
primitive precursor of the Information Superhighway, a theoretical goal
of computer communications to provide schools, libraries, businesses,
and homes universal access to quality information that will educate,
inform, and entertain. In early 1996, the Internet interconnected more
than 25 million computers in over 180 countries and continues to grow at
a dramatic rate.
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
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How Internets Work
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Internets are formed by connecting
local networks through special computers in each network known as
gateways. Gateway interconnections are made through various communication
paths, including telephone lines, optical fibers, and radio links.
Additional networks can be added by linking to new gateways. Information
to be delivered to a remote machine is tagged with the computerized
address of that particular machine.
Different types of addressing
formats are used by the various services provided by internets (see
Internet address). One format is known as dotted decimal, for example:
123.45.67.89. Another format describes the name of the destination
computer and other routing information, such as "machine.dept.univ.edu."
The suffix at the end of the internet address designates the type of
organization that owns the particular computer network, for example,
educational institutions (.edu), military locations (.mil), government
offices (.gov), and non-profit organizations (.org). Networks outside the
United States use suffixes that indicate the country, for example (.ca)
for Canada.
Once addressed, the information leaves its home network
through a gateway. It is routed from gateway to gateway until it reaches
the local network containing the destination machine.
Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97 Encyclopedia. (c)
1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Internet Address
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The identifying number that enables
any computer on the Internet to find any other computer on the network.
It consists of four sets of numbers separated by periods-for example,
123.456.78.90. The Internet address, also called the IP address, is
translated into a word-based address-for example,
president.whitehouse.gov-by the domain name system server.
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
|
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History of the Internet
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The Internet and Transmission Control Protocols
were initially developed in 1973 by American computer scientist Vinton
Cerf as part of a project sponsored by the United States Department of
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and directed by
American engineer Robert Kahn. The Internet began as a computer network
of ARPA (ARPAnet) that linked computer networks at several universities
and research laboratories in the United States. The World Wide Web was
developed in 1989 by English computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee for
the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
|
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The Internet Protocol
The Internet Protocol is the basic software used
to control an internet. This protocol specifies how gateway machines
route information from the sending computer to the recipient computer.
Another protocol, Transmission Control Protocol, checks whether the
information has arrived at the destination computer and, if not, causes
the information to be resent.
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
|
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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
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Method of naming documents or places
on the Internet, used most frequently on the World Wide Web (WWW). A URL
is a string of characters that identifies the type of document, the
computer the document is on, the directories and subdirectories the
document is in, and the name of the document.
For example, the URL of
the main Web page (a document on the WWW) for the White House is
http://WWW2.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html. The part of the URL before
the colon represents the scheme, or format used to retrieve the
document; http means the document is on the WWW. If, instead of http,
that part of the URL was ftp, it would mean that that document could be
accessed through File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a format that allows a
user to list files on, retrieve files from, and add files to another
computer on the Internet. Some other schemes are gopher, which indicates
the document is on a Gopher system, a menu-driven document delivery
system for retrieving information from the Internet; news, which means
the document occurs on a Usenet newsgroup, a forum in which users can
post and respond to messages; and telnet, which indicates Telnet, an
access method in which the user logs on to a remote computer.
The
next part of the URL, WWW2.whitehouse.gov, is called the hostname and
represents the computer on which the document can be found: WWW2 is the
name of a specific computer at the whitehouse.gov host computer. The
.gov extension identifies the computer as belonging to the United States
government. Some other common extensions are .com (commercial) and .edu
(education -usually a college or university).
After the computer and
host names come the path, or chain of directories, on which the document
is found; in this case, the only directory is WH. The last item to be
listed is the document name- in this case, Welcome.html.
URLs are
case-sensitive, which means that uppercase and lowercase letters are
considered different letters, so a user has to enter a URL with all
letters in the correct case. URLs on the WWW are accessed with browsers,
or computer programs that can connect to the Internet and display Web
pages.
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
|
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Your Domain
Name.
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A domain Name is a name assigned to
you, or your Business. NJIComputer.com is a Domain Name, registered for
NJI Computers. It represents the entire Computer network of NJI
Computers. Each Computer in this network will have a name too. Computer
used in accounting department is called Accounting, and the one in Sales
Department is Called Sales. People inside NJI Computers can exchange
information or send messages to each other using the Computer name. For
example I may send a message to Joe@sales. (@ Is pronounced as at). But
People from outside the NJI Computers will send him message using
Joe@njicomputer.com. It all depends on how the e-mail in NJI Computers
is setup.
Using the actual Business Name is a good practice but not
all businesses have chance to register their actual name as domain.
Usually such names are being reserved or used by other Companies with
the same name in other cities or states. Each Domain name should be
unique in the world. So if somebody elsewhere registers your name as a
Domain, you are out of luck. Then you have to settle with a similar name
that may not be so convenient.
Every month about 25, 000,000-search
requests are being submitted to Internic registration services. These
are all searching for acceptable names as their Domain name and every
day it is becoming more difficult to find one. Some companies like
Side.net offer free search services to find you a good available
Internet Domain name, if you have not reserved your name yet, you may
call (973) 777 3113 and ask for: "side.net Domain Name registration
services" and let them do the search for you.
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By: Mohammad Hamzeh
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Web
Site
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A Computer connected to the World
Wide Web (WWW) that publishes documents (called Web pages) on the WWW.
Web pages can include text, graphics, sound, and other multimedia
elements and typically include automatic links, or connections, to other
Web pages. A Web site runs a program called a Web server that allows it
to process requests for information, such as a request for a document.
Tens of thousands of Web sites exist; each has a unique address (see
URL).
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Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97
Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
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What is an Internet
Presence Provider?
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Among Internet users, the terms
Internet Service Provider (ISP) and Internet Presence Provider (IPP) are
often used interchangeably. Most users think they offer the same
services. However, the two are very different.
What is an Internet Presence
Provider?
IPPs host a company's or individual's
Web site on their servers and post the site to the Internet. IPP
services provide not only the storage and access needed for a Web site
or a home page on a Web server, but they can also supply the tools and
expertise to build and attract customers and visitors. IPPs distinguish
themselves by their ability to provide dedicated bandwidth to keep Web
sites accessible. In contrast, ISPs tend to offer more dial-up-oriented
services designed to place customers on the Internet and provide the
bandwidth to maintain thousands of Internet users online
simultaneously.
Because the IPP's bandwidth is
devoted to hosting Web sites, connection to the Net is generally faster
and more consistent, with fewer peaks and valleys. It is quite possible
that from time to time your ISP will experience down time. By
outsourcing your Web site with an IPP, no matter what happens with your
dial-up service, your Web site will still be seen by the rest of the
world. So for companies and individuals wishing to maximize value and
service for their Web site, IPPs hold an advantage over
ISPs.
The Growing Web Hosting
Market
The hundreds of organizations
currently entering the Web hosting market serve as an indicator of the
importance of this relatively new service. Today, approximately 50,000
users currently outsource their Web hosting and International Data
Corporation predicts there will be nearly 330,000 users who will opt to
outsource their Web hosting needs by the year 2000, generating industry
revenues between $3.5 and $4 billion.
The current and continuing
proliferation of Internet-related products and services has created
specific differences based on customer needs and price. As Internet
presence, or Web hosting becomes a larger business component on the Net,
businesses and individuals looking to outsource their Web resources as a
way to save money and receive better service turn to companies such as
SimpleNet to provide "Web hosting" or "Internet presence
providing."
According to a Forrester Research
study entitled "Web Hosting For Hire" two thirds of large businesses
outsource the installation, operation and maintenance of their Web
sites, while SimpleNet's services focus on the small- to medium-size
organizations, this statistic indicates the growing trend of outsourcing
Web hosting needs.
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